綜合參考文獻

主要臨床指引

1. Laguna, M. P., et al. (2024). EAU Guidelines on Testicular Cancer. European Association of Urology. https://uroweb.org/guidelines/testicular-cancer/

2. Stephenson, A., et al. (2019). Diagnosis and Treatment of Early-Stage Testicular Cancer: AUA Guideline. American Urological Association. https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/testicular-cancer-guideline

3. Brannigan, R. E., et al. (2024). Updates to Male Infertility: AUA/ASRM Guideline. Journal of Urology. https://www.auajournals.org/doi/10.1097/JU.0000000000004180

4. Street, E. J., et al. (2017). The 2016 European Guideline on the Management of Epididymitis and Orchitis. International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections (IUSTI). https://iusti.org/

5. World Health Organization. (2021). WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen (6th ed.). https://www.who.int/

里程碑研究與關鍵參考文獻

睾丸癌

6. International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group. (1997). International Germ Cell Consensus Classification: a prognostic factor-based staging system for metastatic germ cell cancers. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 15(2), 594-603.

7. Baird, D. C., et al. (2018). Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment. American Family Physician, 97(4), 261-268.

8. Parekh, N. V., et al. (2020). Fertility considerations in men with testicular cancer. Journal of Oncology Practice, 16(3), 129-135.

睾丸扭轉

9. Schick, M. A., & Sternard, B. T. (2023). Testicular Torsion. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448199/

10. Sharp, V. J., et al. (2013). Testicular Torsion: Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management. American Family Physician, 88(12), 835-840.

附睾炎與睾丸炎

11. Trojian, T. H., et al. (2009). Epididymitis and Orchitis: An Overview. American Family Physician, 79(7), 583-587.

12. Rupp, T. J., et al. (2023). Epididymitis. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430814/

13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recommendations and Reports, 70(4), 1-187.

男性不孕症

14. Leslie, S. W., et al. (2024). Male Infertility. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562258/

15. Schlegel, P. N. (2009). Evaluation of male infertility. Minerva Ginecologica, 61(4), 261-283.

睾丸生理學與胚胎學

16. Berta, P., et al. (1990). Genetic evidence equating SRY and the testis-determining factor. Nature, 348(6300), 448-450.

17. Jørgensen, N., et al. (2012). Semen analysis and fertility assessment. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1034, 1-25.

良性陰囊病症

18. Langan, R. C., et al. (2022). Scrotal Masses. American Family Physician, 106(2), 164-173.

19. Rew, K. T., et al. (2021). Men's Health: Scrotal and Testicular Conditions. American Family Physician, 104(2), 174-184.

其他資源

組織與學會

• 美國泌尿外科學會 (AUA): https://www.auanet.org/
• 歐洲泌尿外科學會 (EAU): https://uroweb.org/
• 美國生殖醫學學會 (ASRM): https://www.asrm.org/
• 國際性病防治聯盟 (IUSTI): https://iusti.org/
• 美國癌症協會: https://www.cancer.org/
• 國家癌症研究所: https://www.cancer.gov/

線上資料庫與資源

• PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
• UpToDate: https://www.uptodate.com/
• StatPearls: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/
• Cochrane Library: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/

建議進階閱讀

對於有興趣深入探討特定主題的讀者，建議參考以下資源：

• Campbell-Walsh Urology (12th Edition) - 全面的泌尿外科教科書，廣泛涵蓋睾丸疾病
• Infertility and Reproductive Medicine (Springer) - 詳細涵蓋男性因素不孕症
• Urologic Pathology (2nd Edition) - 泌尿系統疾病的全面病理學參考
• Journal of Urology - 最新臨床研究的主要來源
• Fertility and Sterility - 生殖醫學研究的主要來源
• Urology - 一般泌尿學研究的主要來源

如何取得參考文獻

本教科書中引用的大多數參考文獻可通過以下途徑取得：

1. PubMed Central (PMC): 免費全文文章，網址：https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/
2. 期刊網站: 通過期刊出版商網站直接取得
3. 機構存取: 通過大學或醫院圖書館系統
4. ResearchGate: 研究人員經常在 https://www.researchgate.net/ 上分享其已發表的作品
5. 作者網站: 許多作者維護個人網站並提供其出版物

引用格式

本教科書中的參考文獻遵循以下格式：作者 (等), 年份. 標題. 期刊/來源.

例如：Smith, J., et al. (2020). Title of Article. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), Pages.

引用本教科書時，請使用以下格式：

Manus AI. (2025). Comprehensive Textbook on Testicular Disease.